Finding Meaning in Suffering: Therapy and the Catholic Understanding of the Cross

Peter Attridge, PhD, LMFT

As a therapist, I often find myself sitting across from individuals grappling with the raw, unsettling reality of suffering. It’s an undeniable aspect of the human condition, isn't it? Whether it emerges from the searing pain of loss, the relentless grip of illness, the sting of injustice, or the quiet battles waged within our own hearts, suffering has a way of leaving us feeling adrift, hopeless, and questioning the very fabric of our existence. In my practice, I’ve witnessed countless times how people search for a beacon of meaning in these darkest of hours. And what a privilege it is to walk alongside them, guiding them not only with the insights of modern psychology but also with the profound wisdom of our Catholic faith, drawing upon the transformative power of the Cross.


The Therapist’s Lens: Holding Space for Pain and Cultivating Meaning

When someone walks into my office, burdened by suffering, my first and most sacred task is to simply be there. To create a safe, supportive space where they can unpack the heavy emotional and psychological impact of what they're enduring. It's a space free of judgment, where tears are welcome, and anger, fear, and despair can be expressed without shame.


In the world of therapy, we have a number of powerful approaches that specifically address these deep questions of meaning and purpose in the face of adversity. Take, for instance, Existential Therapy. This approach, at its heart, is about helping individuals confront the inherent anxieties of existence – the big questions about life, death, freedom, isolation, and meaning. It doesn’t shy away from the harsh realities of suffering but rather encourages clients to lean into these experiences, to find agency and responsibility in their response (Yalom, 1980). We explore their values, asking: "What truly matters to you? What principles guide your life, especially when things are falling apart?" It’s in identifying these core values that a sense of purpose can begin to emerge, even amidst the chaos.


Then there's Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy, which builds directly on these ideas. Here, the focus is more explicitly on helping individuals discover or rediscover sources of meaning in their lives. This isn't about imposing meaning; it's about helping the person unearth what genuinely resonates with their spirit. It might be through creative expression, service to others, cultivating relationships, or simply by the attitude they choose to adopt in the face of unavoidable suffering (Frankl, 2006). We work on developing coping strategies that don't just numb the pain but actively foster resilience. We learn to sit with discomfort, to process grief in all its messy stages, to manage chronic pain, and to find ways to adapt to circumstances that may never fully resolve.


As a therapist, I see my role as an illumination – shining a light on the pathways to healing and adaptation. We explore past wounds, identify unhelpful thought patterns, and build healthier emotional regulation skills. It's about empowering the individual, helping them to find their own internal resources and strengths to navigate their journey. But for me, as a Catholic, there's always another layer, a deeper truth that informs my understanding of suffering.


The Catholic Heart: The Transformative Power of the Cross

This is where the profound beauty of our Catholic faith truly comes into play. While therapy provides invaluable tools for how to cope, Catholicism offers a unique, profound perspective on why we suffer and what purpose that suffering can ultimately serve. It’s through the lens of the Cross that we begin to understand.


Think of Jesus Christ. He, who was innocent, blameless, and divine, willingly embraced suffering, humiliation, and death. And He did it not because suffering is inherently good, but out of an unfathomable, redemptive love for humanity. His Passion and Death weren't just a historical event; they were a profound act of self-giving that fundamentally transformed suffering itself. It shifted it from a seemingly meaningless burden into a potential source of redemption, a path to deeper union with God (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1997).


I often share with my clients the words of St. Paul from his Letter to the Romans (5:3-5), words that resonate so deeply with the Christian experience: "And not only so, but we glory also in tribulations, knowing that tribulation worketh patience: And patience, experience; and experience, hope: And hope confoundeth not: because the charity of God is poured forth in our hearts, by the Holy Ghost, who is given to us. (Romans 5:3-5, Douay-Rheims translation).


This isn't a call to masochism, nor does it mean we should ever seek out pain. Our God is a God of love, and He desires our flourishing, not our misery. The Catholic understanding of "redemptive suffering" means that when we, in our humility and faith, unite our own trials with Christ’s suffering on the Cross, our difficulties can take on a new, sacred meaning and purpose (Pope John Paul II, 1984).


This union can manifest in many ways. It might involve offering our struggles, our headaches, our disappointments, our grief, or our chronic pain for the intentions of others – for the souls in purgatory, for a sick friend, for a struggling family member, for the salvation of the world. It’s a profound act of love, turning our own suffering outwards in solidarity with others and with Christ.


Through this process, we often find ourselves growing in unexpected ways. We cultivate compassion and empathy for those who also suffer, recognizing our shared humanity. We become less self-absorbed and more attuned to the needs of others. Our faith deepens as we lean more heavily on God's grace, realizing our own limitations and His boundless strength. It’s a paradox: in embracing our weakness and vulnerability, we find true spiritual strength.


Echoes of Hope: The Lives of the Saints

Sometimes, when a client feels utterly overwhelmed and questions how anyone could possibly endure what they are experiencing, I turn to the stories of the saints. Their lives are powerful testaments to the human capacity for finding profound meaning in the midst of unimaginable trials.


Consider the unwavering faith of St. Thérèse of Lisieux, who endured profound spiritual darkness and physical suffering in her final years, yet clung to her "little way" of love and trust, offering every discomfort to God. Or St. Padre Pio, who bore the visible wounds of Christ in the stigmata, living a life of constant physical pain yet pouring out spiritual guidance and healing to countless souls. Think of St. Maximilian Kolbe, who offered his life in exchange for another in a concentration camp, an ultimate act of self-giving love rooted in his faith.


These aren't just historical figures; they are companions on our journey. Their stories remind us that even in the darkest valleys, God’s grace is sufficient to sustain us. They show us that suffering, when united with Christ, can indeed become a crucible for holiness, bringing forth spiritual growth and a deeper union with God that transcends earthly understanding. Their lives offer a profound witness to the truth that suffering, while never desired, can be transformed into a source of enduring hope.

 

Weaving the Threads: Therapy and Faith in Harmony

So, how do I, as a Catholic therapist, weave these threads together in my practice? It’s not about choosing one over the other, but rather seeing them as complementary paths leading to holistic healing and deeper meaning.


When a client is experiencing intense grief, for example, we'll use therapeutic techniques to process the emotions: validating their sadness, acknowledging the pain of loss, and helping them develop healthy coping mechanisms. We might explore the stages of grief, identify triggers, and work on rebuilding a life after loss. But alongside this, if they are open to it, we can explore the spiritual dimension of their grief. We can talk about the hope of resurrection, the communion of saints, and how their love for the departed can continue, transformed by prayer and intercession. We can explore how God is present even in the deepest sorrow, holding them in their pain.


Similarly, if someone is struggling with chronic illness and the limitations it imposes, therapy can help them adjust to their new reality, manage frustration, and prevent isolation. We can work on cognitive reframing – changing negative thought patterns – and finding new ways to engage with life and purpose. From a Catholic perspective, we can also discuss how their illness, though difficult, can be offered as a prayer, how it can be a means of drawing closer to Christ in His suffering, and how it can be a source of grace for others. We can explore the idea of finding joy in small moments, of radiating peace even amidst discomfort, and of trusting in God's plan even when it's unclear.


The beauty of integrating therapy with Catholic principles is that it offers a truly holistic approach. Psychotherapy helps us understand our human nature – our emotions, our thoughts, our behaviors, and our relationships – and provides practical strategies for navigating life's challenges. It helps us to heal past wounds, build resilience, and live more fully in the present moment. The Catholic faith, on the other hand, provides the ultimate context for our suffering, infusing it with divine meaning, offering hope that transcends earthly limitations, and connecting us to something far greater than ourselves.


The Journey of Meaning

Ultimately, the journey of finding meaning in suffering is a deeply personal one. It’s not about denying the pain or sugarcoating hardship. It's about acknowledging the reality of suffering, bravely facing its challenges, and then, with the help of both therapeutic wisdom and the grace of God, discovering the seeds of hope, growth, and even joy that can blossom within it.


As a Catholic therapist, my greatest hope for my clients is that they leave my office not just with coping skills, but with a renewed sense of purpose and an abiding conviction that even in their darkest hours, they are not alone. That Christ is with them, carrying their burdens, and that their suffering, when united with His, can become a profound source of meaning, bringing them closer to God and transforming them into vessels of His love for the world. It’s a challenging path, yes, but it’s a path that ultimately leads to true healing, enduring hope, and a deeper encounter with the unconditional love of God.


If anything in this post resonated with you, know that you don’t have to navigate it alone. At Holy Family Counseling Center, we’re here to support you with compassionate, evidence-based care tailored to your unique story. Whether you're just starting to explore therapy or ready to take the next step, we’d love to talk. Reach out today to schedule a free consultation or ask any questions—we’re here to help.



References:

Catechism of the Catholic Church. (1997). Part One, Section Two, Chapter Two, Article 4, Paragraph 618. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.

Frankl, V. E. (2006). Man's Search for Meaning. Beacon Press. (Original work published 1946).

Pope John Paul II. (1984). Salvifici Doloris (On the Christian Meaning of Human Suffering). Libreria Editrice Vaticana.

Romans 5:3-5 (New American Bible Revised Edition).

Yalom, I. D. (1980). Existential Psychotherapy. Basic Books.





By Peter Attridge, PhD, LMFT August 25, 2026
“Uh…trudging. You know, trudging?” If you have seen A Knight’s Tale, you may remember this wonderfully strange scene. William Thatcher comes across Geoffrey Chaucer walking along the road—dirty, disheveled, and apparently having a very bad day. When William asks what he is doing, Chaucer explains that he is “trudging.” He defines it as the slow, weary, depressing, yet determined walk of someone who has nothing left except the impulse to simply soldier on. And if this doesn’t give a good impression of the healing, I don’t know what does. Of course, this is not the inspirational-poster version of healing, or where you wake up one morning, discover that you have finally “done the work,” and suddenly become the emotionally regulated, perfectly self-aware, spiritually mature person you always hoped you would be. In my years of working as a therapist, I have found that real healing is often much less glamorous.Often, healing looks like trudging, slowly putting one foot in front of the other. Then another. And another. Sometimes you make great progress. Sometimes you seem to walk for miles only to discover that you have somehow arrived back at the same place. Sometimes there are beautiful views, sometimes there is rain, and sometimes both at the same time. There are blisters and you seriously question why you thought walking this particular road was a good idea in the first place. Yet you keep going because the horizon is a little closer, things just a smidge brighter. That is the part of healing we do not talk about nearly enough. We Like the Destination More Than the Journey We live in a culture that loves transformation stories. We love before-and-after pictures. We love placing our hand against the camera and pulling it away fully transformed while “Can we skip to the good part?” plays in the background. We love the moment in a movie when the main character finally realizes what has been holding him back, says something profound, and rides triumphantly into the sunset. I’m here to tell you that therapy does not always work that way. Neither does life. You may understand exactly why you react the way you do and still react that way. You may know that your childhood shaped you without knowing how to stop carrying your childhood into every relationship. You may recognize that you need better boundaries and still feel guilty every time you set one. You may forgive someone and still feel hurt. You may know intellectually that you are loved and still struggle to believe it when you are lonely. None of this necessarily means you are failing but it may mean that you are trudging. Healing is rarely a straight line from brokenness to wholeness. It is more like a pilgrimage. And pilgrims, by definition, travel; they make stops, they rest, they get lost, they get sick, and they have to ask for directions. Occasionally they may get waylaid for a long time to build up money, strength, or whatever else is needed to continue the journey. Then they keep going. The Trouble with the Shortcut One of the hardest things about healing is that we want a shortcut, and it makes sense. If something has hurt for ten years, we would prefer not to spend another ten years working through it. If a marriage has developed unhealthy patterns over fifteen years, it would be wonderful if one good conversation could repair everything. If grief has taken up residence in our hearts, we would love to tell it that its lease has expired. But psychological and spiritual growth rarely responds to our preferred timeline. There are reasons for this. Our brains learn through repetition. Relationships develop through repeated interactions. Habits are formed over time. Attachment patterns are not created in a single afternoon, and they generally are not undone in one either. This is one reason therapy can sometimes feel frustrating. A person may say, “I understand this now. Why am I still doing it?” And I tell them that understanding is important, but understanding is not the same thing as transformation. Knowing the road is not the same thing as walking it. And walking it once is not the same thing as learning how to travel it. Sometimes we need to walk the same stretch of road again and again before we begin to recognize the landscape, remember where the pitfalls are, and hopefully learn a better path. There Will Be Stops Every pilgrimage has stops.This matters because we often interpret stopping as failing. Yet, working on ourselves can involve hitting a plateau where we don’t see the effort changing the landscape. But stopping is not necessarily quitting. Sometimes you stop because you are tired, or need to heal a new or remembered injury. Sometimes you stop because you have reached a place where you need to reconsider your direction. There is wisdom in stopping. In therapy, progress sometimes looks like learning to pause before reacting, or noticing an emotion before immediately trying to get rid of it. It may mean taking a breath before sending the text or sitting with discomfort rather than immediately distracting yourself. That pause can feel like doing nothing. Instead, think of it as practice. A person who has spent years responding automatically may discover that there is now a tiny space between feeling something and acting on it. That tiny space can be the beginning of freedom. The pilgrim has stopped. But the pilgrim has not quit. Sometimes You Will Walk Backward Perhaps the most discouraging part of healing is what we call a “setback.”You thought you had moved beyond something and then suddenly you find yourself doing it again. You thought you had learned not to take everything personally. Then somebody sends a three-word text—“We need to talk”—and your nervous system immediately begins preparing for the apocalypse. Welcome to being human! A setback does not erase progress, in fact, sometimes the difference between then and now is not that the old pattern never happens again. The difference is that you recognize it sooner. This means you might recover more quickly, apologize more easily, or ask for help as you need it. Very simply, that is progress. Is it glamorous? No. But eventually you realize the road may look familiar, but you are not the same person walking it. “I Will Make a Way in the Wilderness” There is a beautiful image in the prophet Isaiah: “I am about to do a new thing; now it springs forth, do you not perceive it? I will make a way in the wilderness and rivers in the desert.” —Isaiah 43:19 I have always liked the fact that God does not promise that there will be no wilderness. However, He does promise to make a way through it. And this distinction is so important. We can assume that healing means God will remove every difficult thing from our lives. If we pray hard enough, understand enough, or finally get our lives organized enough, the wilderness will disappear. Reading Scripture tells a different story; that there is a road through the wilderness. Faith does not necessarily eliminate the hard road but faith can give us the courage to keep walking it. As a Catholic therapist, this is where psychology and faith can sit together quite comfortably. Therapy helps us understand our wounds, relationships, patterns, emotions, and behaviors. Faith reminds us that our wounds are not the entirety of our identity; we are not simply the sum of our trauma, our mistakes, our diagnoses, our family history, our regrets, or our worst moments. There is more to the story and sometimes healing is learning to live from that larger story. Pay Attention to the Small Milestones When people are trudging, they need markers otherwise, the road can feel endless. So pay attention to small changes: maybe you handled a difficult conversation differently, maybe you noticed your anxiety before it became overwhelming, or maybe you recognized that your anger was covering sadness. We tend to measure healing by asking, “Am I completely better?” and that is often the wrong question. A better question is: “Am I different than I was?” And then: “What is different?” Progress becomes easier to see when we stop looking only for dramatic transformation. Pilgrims count milestones and we should too. There is something else worth counting along the way: the days themselves. In an earlier reflection, Teach Us to Number Our Days, I wrote about Psalm 90:12: “Teach us to number our days, that we may gain a heart of wisdom.” The prayer is not simply about counting how many days we have left. It is an invitation to pay attention to the days we actually have. When we are hurting, we can become so focused on the destination that we miss the day we are standing in. We spend so much energy asking, “When will I finally be better?” that we forget to ask, “What is this day asking of me?” Maybe today is a day for courage….rest…or an honest conversation. Not every day has to be a breakthrough. Some days are simply mile markers. And if we learn to number those days—to notice them rather than rush past them—we may discover that healing has been happening in places we were too busy looking for it to see. Learn to Travel Light There is another lesson pilgrims understand: you cannot carry everything. At some point, the backpack becomes too heavy. Healing often involves discovering what we have been carrying that no longer belongs to us: old shame, other people's expectations, the need to be liked by everyone. This list could be endless because we all have our things that we carry, even I do. Sometimes things need to be confronted, forgiven, grieved, or accepted. And some things need to be put down. This does not mean pretending the past did not happen, it means refusing to make the past carry your backpack forever. Healing is not always about becoming someone entirely new. It can be about becoming the person you were created to be underneath everything you have been carrying. Do Not Trudge Alone There is a reason pilgrimage has traditionally been a communal experience. People walk together and share food and stories, they encourage one another, and complain about their feet hurting. They offer direction when others are lost. Healing works better this way too, when we share it with others. A good therapist can walk with you for part of the road. Friends and family can walk with you. A spouse can walk with you. A faith community can walk with you. And every now and then, you need someone who can simply say, “Yes, this is hard. Keep going.” Not every problem needs immediate advice. Sometimes the most healing thing another person can offer is presence. Discovering that you are not the only person who has struggled with this particular stretch of road brings a lot of comfort, and power. What Do You Do When the Road Gets Long? If healing feels like trudging right now, a few simple practices can help. Keep your expectations realistic.
 Healing is not a race. Give yourself permission to grow slowly. Measure progress differently.
 Instead of asking whether the problem has disappeared, ask whether you are responding to it differently. Take the next step.
 You do not need to figure out the next fifty miles. What is the next healthy thing you can do today? Rest without quitting. 
 A Sabbath is not a failure of productivity. Sometimes rest is part of the journey. Notice the scenery. 
 Do not become so focused on reaching the destination that you miss the life happening along the way. Accept help. 
 Therapy, friendship, community, prayer, spiritual direction, medical care, or other forms of support can all be part of the journey. Remember your story is still being written. 
 A difficult chapter is not the same thing as a difficult ending. And perhaps most importantly: Do not confuse slow progress with no progress. The Road of Happy Destiny There is a phrase used in Anonymous groups that I find beautiful: “We will trudge the Road of Happy Destiny.” The phrase comes from the Twelve-Step tradition, where recovery is described not as arriving at some perfect endpoint but as continuing to walk the road of recovery, one day at a time. There is something almost comical about putting the words trudging and happy destiny together. Trudging sounds miserable. Happy destiny sounds like a Disney movie. But when we put them together you get something much closer to real life. The road can be difficult and still be good. You can be frustrated and still be healing. You can even occasionally sit down on the side of the road, question every life decision that brought you there, eat a snack, and eventually get back up….I’ve been there. Perhaps this is part of what we miss when we imagine healing as a destination because healing is not simply the place where we finally arrive. It is the person we become while walking. The patience we develop, the humility we learn, the courage we practice. So if today feels like one of those days when you are not exactly flourishing, thriving, conquering, or becoming your best self, perhaps there is another word for it. Maybe you are trudging and this is okay. Put one foot in front of the other and take the next step. Rest when you need to, let someone walk beside you, and look up occasionally. The road you walked is behind you, and when you take the time to see where you came from, things can look a lot better. And trust that the road does not have to be easy to be meaningful. The wilderness can still contain a path. The person who keeps walking, even slowly, even imperfectly, even with a few complaints along the way, may discover that trudging was not merely a sign that life was difficult. It was evidence that they had not given up. That is the strange gift of the long road that we are, perhaps, trudging towards a happy destiny. Thoughts from the Couch From the couch, I have come to appreciate just how rarely healing looks the way we imagine it will. We tend to think healing means arriving somewhere: I used to struggle with this, but now I don't. And while those moments certainly happen, much of the work is quieter. It is learning to recognize an old pattern a little sooner. It is responding differently the next time. It is becoming more comfortable with discomfort. It is realizing that the thing that once knocked you flat now only makes you stumble. That may not feel particularly impressive. But it is. I sometimes tell clients that therapy is less like taking an elevator and more like walking a trail. Unfortunately, there is no express elevator to emotional health. There are switchbacks, rest stops, wrong turns, steep inclines, and occasionally a spectacular view that makes you realize why you started walking in the first place. Also, there is often mud. Lots of mud. The goal isn't to avoid every difficult part of the journey. The goal is to become someone who can walk through those difficult places with greater wisdom, resilience, connection, and hope. That is one of the reasons I appreciate the image of pilgrimage. A pilgrim doesn't expect the road to be easy. The pilgrim understands that the road itself is part of the journey. If you find yourself trudging right now, you don't necessarily need to have the entire road figured out. You may simply need to determine the next step. Next steps look like having hard conversations, creating boundaries, forgiving those that have harmed us, and sometimes it is making an appointment with a therapist and admitting, “I'm tired of walking this part of the road by myself.” At Holy Family Counseling Center, we believe therapy is not about fixing people who are broken. It is about accompanying people as they grow, heal, and become more fully themselves. For those who want it, faith can be part of that journey as well—not as a substitute for sound psychological care, but as another source of meaning, hope, and perspective. You don't have to know exactly where the road ends. You just have to be willing to take the next step. And if the next step feels more like a trudge than a triumphant march, that's okay. Most worthwhile journeys probably do.
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